چکیده :
مسئله وحدت و اختلاف میان مردم در جوامع بشری ریشه در سیر تاریخی حیات اجتماعی بشر دارد.
از نظر برخی مفسران این اختلاف بستری برای نزول کتب آسمانی و ظهور انبیاء الهی از سوی خدای تعالی شده است، خداوند در قرآن کریم به این موضوع چنین اشاره کرده است که مردم امت واحده بودند اما اختلاف کردند.
در اینجا دو نکته بسیار مهم مطرح است: یکی مبنای اتحاد مردم و دیگری اختلافی که در آیه مطرح شده است.
این دو نکته در نظر مفسران با تضارب آراء همراه است.
این نوشتار با روش تحلیلی- توصیفی نگاشته شده و نظر مفسران را در موارد مزبور بررسی کرده است.
در بحث اتحاد چند دیدگاه مطرح است که مهمترین آنها، اتحاد و اجتماع مردم بر هدایت؛ اتحاد و اجتماع مردم بر دین حق؛ اتحاد و اجتماع مردم بر گمراهی؛ اتحاد و اجتماع مردم بر امور فطری است و در مقابل هر کدام از این ها، نظرات مخالف هم مطرح شده است.
این مقاله به بررسی این دیدگاهها و نقد برخی از آنها پرداخته و در نهایت دیدگاه برگزیده را مطرح نموده که وقوع این اختلافها در میان انسانها، نیازمندی بشر به جعل قانون را مشخص میکند و حکمت الهی اقتضاء دارد که انسانها در اختلاف و گمراهی رها نشوند.
به نظر معتقدان به جهانبینی الهی این قانون باید از سوی خدا جعل شود و خداوند با وحی و نبوت و ارسال رسولان خود به سوی مردم به اختلافات میان ایشان خاتمه دهد.
از همین رو انسانها بدون کمک وحی نمیتوانند اختلافات خود را حل کنند.
بنابراین نیاز بشر به انبیاء در رفع اختلاف، امری ضروری است و وحی و نبوت، جوامع بشری را از اختلافات و خودخواهیها نجات میدهد
the issue of unity and difference between people in human societies is rooted in the historical course of human social life, and this difference, according to some commentators, is a platform for the revelation of divine books and the appearance of divine prophets from god almighty, god has mentioned this issthe issue of unity and discord among people in human societies has its roots in the historical course of social life.
according to some commentators, this discord has served as a basis for the revelation of divine scriptures and the emergence of prophets by almighty god.
the holy quran refers to this matter, stating that people were once one nation but later fell into disagreement.
two key points arise here: the foundation of people’s unity and the nature of the discord mentioned in the verse.
these topics have been subject to diverse interpretations among quranic commentators.
this study, conducted in an analytical-descriptive method, examines these perspectives among commentators.
regarding unity, several views have been proposed, the most significant being is unity based on divine guidance, on the true religion, on misguidance and on innate human nature, opposing arguments have also been presented against each of these views.
this paper evaluates these perspectives, critiques some of them, and ultimately presents the preferred viewpoint that the occurrence of such disagreements among humans highlights mankind’s need for divine legislation.
divine wisdom necessitates that people not be left in discord and misguidance.
from the perspective of those adhering to a theistic worldview, this law must be established by god.
through revelation, prophethood, and the sending of messengers, god resolves human conflicts.
thus, without divine revelation, humans cannot resolve their disputes.
therefore, the necessity of prophets in settling disagreements is essential, as revelation and prophethood save human societies from discord and selfishness.ue in the holy qur'an.
, that the people of the ummah were united but they differed, two very important points are raised here, firstly, the basis of the unity of the people, secondly, the difference that has been raised in the verse, these two issues are associated with conflicting opinions in the opinion of the commentators of the parties.
this article, which is written in an analytical-descriptive manner, examines these cases in the opinion of commentators, there are several views on unity, the unity and community of the people over guidance, the unity and community of the people over the true religion, the unity and community of the people over misguidance, the unity and community of people on natural affairs, against each of these, opposing opinions have been raised, this article has examined these views and criticized some of them, and finally, by referring to the views of some commentators, it has presented the preferred view.
is.