سخنرانی‌های فلسفه دورکیم: یادداشت‌هایی از دوره لیسه دو سنس، 1883-1884 [کتاب انگلیسی] | کتابخانه مجازی الفبا

Table of contents :
Cover......Page 1
Half-title......Page 3
Title......Page 5
Copyright......Page 6
Contents......Page 7
Foreword......Page 13
Translators’ Note......Page 17
Acknowledgments......Page 19
Introduction......Page 21
The Importance of Understanding the Early Durkheim......Page 23
The Unfamiliarity of a New Manuscript......Page 26
The Matter of Authenticity......Page 29
Institutional Constraints on Durkheim’s Freedom of Speech......Page 33
Central Themes in the Lectures......Page 42
Interpretive Possibilities......Page 49
PART ONE Preliminary Matters......Page 51
ONE The Object and Method of Philosophy......Page 53
TWO The Object and Method of Philosophy (Conclusion)......Page 56
THREE Science and Philosophy......Page 61
FOUR The Divisions of Philosophy......Page 65
PART TWO Psychology......Page 69
FIVE The Object and Method of Psychology......Page 71
SIX Faculties of the Soul......Page 77
SEVEN On Pleasure and Pain......Page 80
EIGHT The Inclinations......Page 83
NINE The Emotions and Passions......Page 87
TEN Theory of Knowledge......Page 92
ELEVEN External Perception and Its Conditions. The Senses......Page 93
TWELVE External Perception. The Origin of the Idea of Externality......Page 97
THIRTEEN External Perception. On the Objectivity of the Idea of Externality. (1) Does the External World Exist?......Page 100
FOURTEEN External Perception. On the Objectivity of the Idea of Externality. (2) On the Nature of the External World......Page 102
FIFTEEN Consciousness. On the Conditions of Consciousness......Page 106
SIXTEEN Consciousness. On the Origin of the Idea of the Self......Page 109
SEVENTEEN Consciousness. On the Nature of the Self......Page 112
EIGHTEEN Reason. The Definition of Reason......Page 115
NINETEEN Reason. The Material of Reason. (1) Principles of Reason......Page 118
TWENTY Reason. The Material of Reason (2) Rational or First Ideas......Page 121
TWENTY ONE Reason. Empiricism......Page 126
TWENTY TWO Reason. Evolutionism. The Theory of Heredity......Page 130
TWENTY THREE Reason. On the Objectivity of Rational Principles......Page 135
TWENTY FOUR Faculties of Conception. On the Association of Ideas......Page 139
TWENTY FIVE Faculties of Conception. Memory......Page 142
TWENTY SIX Faculties of Conception. Imagination......Page 145
TWENTY SEVEN Faculties of Conception. Sleep. Dreams. Madness......Page 149
TWENTY EIGHT Complex Operations of the Mind. Attention. Comparison. Abstraction......Page 152
TWENTY NINE Complex Operations of the Mind. Generalization. Judgment. Reasoning......Page 154
THIRTY The Object and Method of Aesthetics......Page 158
THIRTY ONE What Is Beauty?......Page 162
THIRTY TWO Prettiness and the Sublime. Art......Page 165
THIRTY THREE On Activity in General. Instinct......Page 168
THIRTY FOUR Habit......Page 171
THIRTY FIVE On the Will and on Freedom......Page 176
THIRTY SIX On Freedom (Continued). Psychological Determinism......Page 179
THIRTY SEVEN On Freedom (Conclusion). Scientific Determinism. Theological Fatalism......Page 182
PART THREE Logic......Page 187
THIRTY EIGHT Introduction. On Logic......Page 189
THIRTY NINE On Truth. On Certainty......Page 192
FORTY On Certainty (Conclusion)......Page 195
FORTY ONE On False Certainty or Error......Page 198
FORTY TWO Skepticism......Page 201
FORTY THREE Ideas. Terms. Judgments. Propositions......Page 205
FORTY FOUR Definition......Page 208
FORTY FIVE On the Syllogism......Page 210
FORTY SIX On Induction......Page 218
FORTY SEVEN Fallacies......Page 222
FORTY EIGHT On Method......Page 225
FORTY NINE Method in the Mathematical Sciences......Page 227
FIFTY The Methodology of the Physical Sciences......Page 229
FIFTY ONE Method in the Natural Sciences......Page 233
FIFTY TWO Method in the Moral Sciences......Page 235
FIFTY THREE Method in the Historical Sciences......Page 238
FIFTY FOUR Language......Page 241
PART FOUR Ethics......Page 247
FIFTY FIVE Definition and Divisions of Ethics......Page 249
FIFTY SIX On Moral Responsibility......Page 250
FIFTY SEVEN On Moral Law. The History of Utilitarianism......Page 252
FIFTY EIGHT Critique of Utilitarianism. The Morality of Sentiment......Page 256
FIFTY NINE The Morality of Kant......Page 260
SIXTY The Moral Law......Page 263
SIXTY ONE On Duty and the Good. On Virtue. Rights......Page 265
SIXTY TWO ( A ) Division of Practical Ethics......Page 269
SIXTY TWO ( B ) Individual Morality......Page 270
SIXTY THREE Domestic Ethics......Page 274
SIXTY FOUR Civic Ethics......Page 278
SIXTY FIVE General Duties of Social Life......Page 283
SIXTY SIX General Duties of Social Life. (1) The Duty of Justice......Page 285
SIXTY SEVEN General Duties of Social Life. (2) Charity......Page 290
SIXTY EIGHT Summary of Ethics......Page 292
PART FIVE Metaphysics......Page 295
SIXTY NINE Metaphysics. Preliminary Considerations......Page 297
SEVENTY On the Soul and Its Existence......Page 299
SEVENTY ONE On the Spirituality of the Soul (Conclusion). On Materialism......Page 301
SEVENTY TWO The Relationship between the Soul and the Body......Page 304
I. Psychological Arguments......Page 308
II. Metaphysical Arguments......Page 309
III. Moral Proofs......Page 310
SEVENTY FOUR On God. Metaphysical Proofs of His Existence......Page 312
II. Proofs by the Principle of Causality......Page 313
III. Proofs by the Principle of Finality......Page 314
SEVENTY FIVE Critique of Metaphysical Proofs of the Existence of God......Page 316
SEVENTY SIX Explanation and Critique of the Physicotheological Proof......Page 319
SEVENTY SEVEN Critique of the Physicotheological Proof (Conclusion). Moral Proofs of the Existence of God......Page 323
I. Metaphysical Attributes......Page 326
II. Moral Attributes......Page 327
SEVENTY NINE The Relationship between God and the World. Dualism, Pantheism, and Creation......Page 329
EIGHTY The Relationship between God and the World (Conclusion). Providence, Evil, Optimism, and Pessimism......Page 331
APPENDIX Biographical Glossary......Page 335
Index......Page 353