کتاب درسی حقوق پزشکی پریخ: پزشکی قانونی و سم شناسی [کتاب انگلیسی] | کتابخانه مجازی الفبا

Table of contents :
Cover Page
Half Title Page
Title Page
Copyright
Preface to the Eighth Edition
Foreword to Sixth Edition
Foreword to Sixth Edition
Preface to the Seventh Edition
Acknowledgements
How to Use This Book
Why This Book
Contents
Part 1: Medical Jurisprudence
Section 1
1. Introduction and Legal Procedure
2. Law and Medicine
Law in Relation to the Medical Profession
The Indian Medical Council (MCI)
The State Medical Councils
State Medical Register
Medical Etiquette and Medical Ethics
Disciplinary Control
Compulsory Duties of a Medical Practitioner
Voluntary Duties of a Medical Practitioner
Practitioner and Patient
Continue to Treat
Reasonable Care
Reasonable Skill
Professional Secrets and Privileged Communication
Illustrative Cases
Duties of a Patient
Professional Negligence
Civil Negligence (Malpractice)
Criminal Negligence
Resuscitate or Not
Investigation of Anaesthetic Deaths
Novus Actus Interveniens
Therapeutic Hazards/Therapeutic Misadventure
Product Liability
Precautions Against Negligence
Contributory Negligence
Vicarious Responsibility
Euthanasia
Malingering
Medical Indemnity Insurance
Practice of Legal Medicine
Introduction to Forensic Nursing: A New Perspective in Health Care
Virginia Lynch, MSN, RN Fellow, American Academy of Forensic Sciences President, International Association of Forensic Nurses, USA
Investigation of Trauma
Domestic Violence
Sexual Assault (SANE/SART)
Conclusion
The National Medical Commission
Part 2: Forensic Medicine and Pathology
Section 2
3. Personal Identification
Race
Religion
Sex
Variations from Normal Sex
Intersex States
Concealed Sex
Age
Teeth
Ossification of Bones
Height and Weight
Miscellaneous Particulars
Age Certificate
General Development
Congenital Features
Fingerprints (Dactylography, Dermatoglyphics, Galton System)
Dr Subrahmanyam’s ‘Namaste’ Technique
Footprints (Podogram)
Congenital Malformations
Acquired Peculiarities
Occupational Marks
Tattoo Marks
Scars
Time Required for Scar Formation
Scar and Causative Agent
Age of Scars
Growth and Disappearance of Scars
Examination of Scars
Medicolegal Significance of Scars
Acquired Malformations
Miscellaneous Data
4. Identification in Mass Disasters
Photographs
Faked Photographs
Superimposition Photography
Facial Reconstruction
Forensic Odontology
X-rays
Ultraviolet Rays
Postmortem Serology
DNA Profiling
5. Medicolegal Autopsy
External Examination
Internal Examination
Disposal
Preserve, Pack and Label
Preservation and Despatch of Viscera
6. Autopsy on Decomposed Bodies, Mutilated Bodies, Fragmentary Remains and Bones
Decomposed Bodies
Mutilated Bodies and Fragmentary Remains
Bones
7. Handling HIV-Infected and Hepatitis B Positive Bodies
At the Scene
In the Autopsy Room
In the Laboratory
In the Court
General Precautions
8. Autopsy on Bodies Contaminated with Radioactive Compounds
9. Postmortem Artifacts
Therapeutic Artifacts
Agonal Artifacts
Postmortem Artifacts
10. Exhumation
Section 3
11. Medicolegal Aspects of Death Investigation
Causes of Sudden Natural Death
Signs of Death
Signs of Somatic or Clinical Death (Immediate Signs)
Signs of Molecular or Cellular Death (Early Signs)
Cooling of the Body
Changes in the Eye
Changes in the Skin
Primary Relaxation
Rigor Mortis
Secondary Relaxation
Late Signs
Putrefaction
Colour Changes
Gases of Putrefaction
Pressure Effects of Putrefactive Gases
Appearance of Maggots
Other Sequelae
External Factors
Internal Factors
Body Farming
Presumption of Death
Presumption of Survivorship
12. Deaths from Asphyxia
13. Violent Asphyxial Deaths
Hanging
Postmortem Appearances
Ligature Strangulation
Postmortem Appearances
Throttling (Manual Strangulation)
Autopsy Appearances
Suffocation
Smothering
Autopsy Appearances
Medicolegal Aspects
Choking
Traumatic Asphyxia
Drowning: Immersion
Classification
Typical Drowning
Atypical Drowning
Mechanism of Drowning
14. Deaths from Starvation, Cold, and Heat
Deaths from Starvation
Deaths from Cold
Deaths from Heat
15. Anaphylactic Deaths
External Examination
Internal Examination
Microscopic Findings
Section 4
16. Mechanical Injuries—General Aspects
Mechanism of Injury
Classification
Abrasions
Bruises (Contusions)
Lacerations
Incised Wounds
Stab Wounds
Defence Wounds
Self-inflicted Wounds
Injury Patterns
17. Firearms and Firearm Injuries
Part 1: Firearms and Ballistics
Part 2: Some Medical Aspects of Firearm Injuries
18. Injuries—Medicolegal Aspects
Injury Certificate
Nature of Injury
Simple, Grievous, or Dangerous Injury
Haemorrhage
Injury to a Vital Organ
Neurogenic Shock
Infection
Renal Failure (Crush Syndrome)
Thrombosis
Embolism
Secondary Shock
Consumptive Coagulopathy
Indirect Effects
Acceleration of Pre-existing Disease
Supervention of New Disease
Operative Treatment
Neglect of Treatment
Volitional Acts after Injury
Naked Eye Appearance of Wounds
Histological Timing of Wounds
Histochemical Timing of Wounds
Biochemical Timing of Wounds
Scene of Crime
The Injury
The Weapon
Circumstantial Evidence
19. Trauma, Work Stress, and Disease
Trauma and the Heart
Trauma and the Nervous System
Trauma and the Alimentary System
Trauma and Malignancy
Disease from Non-traumatic Accidents
20. Regional Injuries
Head
Scalp
Skull
Fractures of the Skull
Mechanism of Cerebral Injury
Coup and Contrecoup Injury
Injuries to Cranial Contents
Vertebral Column and Spinal Cord
Face
Neck
Chest
Abdomen
Bones
Joints
21. Transportation Injuries
Motor Vehicle Injuries
Pedestrian Injuries
Driver and Passenger Injuries
Front Impact Crash
Side Impact Crash
Rear Impact Crash
Roll-over Crash
Other Mishaps
Seat Belts
Autopsy
Scene of Mishap
Clothing
History
Injuries
Laboratory Specimens
Motor Cycle Injuries
Moped and Bicycle Injuries
Railway Injuries
Suicidal Injuries
Accidental Injuries
Difficulties in Diagnosis of Railway Accident Deaths
Aircraft Injuries
Crash Accidents
Flight Accidents
22. Thermal Injuries
Burns
Dowry Deaths
Difficulties in Diagnosis of Death from Burns
Scalds
Electricity
Low Voltage Current Injuries
High Voltage Current Injuries
Difficulties in Diagnosis
Lightning
Explosions
Medicolegal Aspects
23. Violence in the Home
Battered Baby (Caffey Syndrome)
Autopsy
Battered Wives
Battered Elderly
Battered Husbands
Section 5
24. Impotence, Sterility, Sterilisation, and Artificial Insemination
Impotence and Sterility
Sterilisation
Artificial Insemination
Precautions to be Taken by a Doctor
Legal Problems
Test-tube Baby
Surrogate Motherhood
New Fertility Technique
25. Virginity, Pregnancy, and Delivery
Virginity
Pregnancy
Presumptive Signs
Probable Signs
Conclusive Signs of Pregnancy
Delivery
Signs of Recent Delivery in the Living
Signs of Recent Delivery in the Dead
Signs of Remote Delivery in the Living
Signs of Remote Delivery in the Dead
26. Legitimacy
Maitri Karar (Friendship Contract) (Living Together on Contract)
27. Natural Sexual Offences
Rape
Law on Rape in India
Intramarital Rape
Examination of the Rape Victim
The Preliminary Data
The Inference
Accidents Following Rape
Examination of the Accused
Incest
Proforma for Investigation of Sexual Offences
Physical Examination—Female
Opinion
Physical Examination—Male
Opinion
Protection of Children from Sexual Offences
28. Unnatural Sexual Offences
Sodomy
Examination of the Passive Agent
Examination of the Habitual Passive Agent
Examination of the Active Agent
Difficulties in Diagnosis
29. Sexual Perversions/Deviations
30. Abortion
Natural Abortion
Artificial or Induced Abortion
Criminal Abortion
Use of Drugs
Mechanical Violence
Examination of the Woman
31. Infanticide
Autopsy on Infants and Stillborns
Degree of Maturity
Signs of Establishment of Respiration
Other Signs
Natural Causes
Accidental Causes
Criminal Causes
Abandoning of Children
Concealment of Birth
32. “Cot Deaths” or SIDS
Part 3: Forensic Psychiatry
Section 6
33. Forensic Psychiatry (Mental Illness/Impairment)
Dementia
Drug-induced Psychoses
Confusional States
Epileptic Psychosis
Psychosis due to Pregnancy and Child Birth
Post-traumatic Psychosis
Psychosis due to General Diseases
Schizophrenia
Manic-Depressive Psychosis
Neurotic Disorders
Diagnosis of Mental Illness
Restraint of the Mentally Ill
Civil Responsibilities of the Mentally Ill
Criminal Responsibility of the Mentally Ill
Unsound Mind and Other Pleas
McNaghten Rules
Doctrine of Partial Responsibility
Durham Rule
Currens Rule
American Law Institute’s Test
Norwegian System
Illustrative Cases
Part 4: Forensic Biology and Serology
Section 7
34. Forensic Examination of Biological Fluids, Stains, and Other Materials
Forensic Examination of Biological Fluids, Stains and Other Materials
Blood
General Considerations
Basic Genetic Principles
Blood Groups as Hereditary Factors
Different Blood Group Systems
Grouping Based on Red Cell Antigens
Grouping Based on Blood Proteins
Grouping Based on Enzymes
Grouping Based on White Cell Antigens
Blood Transfusion Reactions
DNA Profiling (DNA Fingerprinting)
Disputed Paternity and Maternity
Illustrative Cases of Disputed Paternity and Maternity
Blood Stains
Physical Examination
Chemical Examination
Physicochemical Examination
Microscopic (Microchemical) Examination
Spectroscopic Examination
Detection of Species Origin
Discussion
Detection of Blood Groups in Stains
Discussion
Semen
Physical Examination
Chemical Examination
Microscopic Examination
Electrophoretic Methods
Identification of Species Origin
Blood Groups in Seminal Stains
Proof of Semen
Saliva
Urine
Faecal Matter
Milk
Hair
The National DNA Data Bank
35. Collection and Preservation of Biological Materials
Blood
Saliva
Swabs and Smears
Hair
Nails
Part 5: Clinical and Forensic Toxicology
Section 8
36. Introduction and Law Relating to Poisons
Introduction
Routes of Administration
Action of Poisons
Dose
Form of Poison
Method of Administration
Condition of the Body
Fate of Poisons in the Body (Toxicokinetics)
Poisoning in the Living
Poisoning in the Dead
Removal of Unabsorbed Poison from the Body
Use of Antidotes
Elimination of the Absorbed Poison
Treatment of General Symptoms
Maintenance of the Patient’s General Condition
Assessment of the Patient
Glasgow Coma Scale
Best Eye Response
Best Verbal Response (V)
Best Motor Response (M)
The Narco Analysis Test
37. Toxicological Evidence
Forensic Aspects
Symptoms and Signs
Autopsy Findings
Evidence of Pathological Lesion
Analytical Aspects
Other Examinations
Embalming and Toxicological Analysis
Putrefaction and Toxicological Analysis
Interpretation
38. Common Household Poisons
Corrosives
39. Mineral Acids and Caustic Alkalis
40. Organic Acids
Oxalic Acid
Carbolic Acid (Phenol)
41. Vegetable Acid Poisons
Hydrocyanic Acid and Cyanides
Illustrative Cases
Section 9
42. Non-Metallic Poisons
Irritant Poisons
Non-metallic Poisons
Phosphorus
Acute Poisoning
Postmortem Appearances
Medicolegal Aspects
Chronic Poisoning
Iodine
43. Metallic Poisons
Arsenic
Sources of Arsenic
Poisoning by Organic Arsenical Compounds
Mercury (Para)
Sources of Mercury
Lead (Shisha)
Copper (Tamba)
Thallium
Zinc
44. Vegetable Poisons
Ricinus Communis (Castor Oil Plant, Arandi)
Croton Tiglium (Jamalgota, Nepala)
Abrus Precatorius (Jequirity Bean)
Colocynth (Bitter Apple, Indrayani)
Ergot
Capsicum (Chillis)
Semecarpus Anacardium (Marking Nut)
Calotropis (Madar, Akdo)
Plumbago Rosea (Lal Chitra) and Plumbago Zeylanica (Chitra)
45. Animal Poisons
Cantharides (Spanish Fly)
Snakes (Ophidia)
Scorpions
46. Mechanical Poisons
Powdered Glass
47. Food Poisoning and Poisonous Foods
Bacterial Food Poisoning
Bioterrorism
Poisonous Mushrooms (Fungi)
Section 10
48. Somniferous Poisons (Opioids)
Opium and Morphine
Heroin (Brown Sugar)
49. Drug Dependence
Drug Abuse Deaths
Solvent Abuse/Glue Sniffing
50. Inebriant Poisons
Alcohol (Ethyl Alcohol)
Chronic Poisoning (Alcoholic Addiction)
Drunkenness
Diagnosis
Difficulties in Diagnosis
Alcohol and Prohibition
The Bombay Prohibition Act (BPA)
Consumption Cases
Possession Cases
Methyl Alcohol
Isopropyl Alcohol
Ethylene Glycol
51. Sedatives and Hypnotics
Chloral Hydrate
Barbiturates
52. Fuels
Petroleum (Rock Oil)
53. Agrichemical Poisons
Organophosphorus Compounds
Chlorinated Compounds
Endrin
Naphthalene
Paraquat
Aluminium Phosphide
Hair Dye Poisoning
54. Deliriant Poisons
Dhatura
Hyoscyamus Niger
Cannabis Indica
55. Spinal Poisons
Strychnos Nux-vomica (Kuchila)
56. Peripheral Nerve Poisons
Curare
Conium (Hemlock)
57. Cardiac Poisons
Digitalis Purpurea (Digitalis or Foxglove)
Oleander (Kaner)
Nerium Odorum (White Oleander, Kaner)
Yellow Oleander (Cerbera Thevetia, Pila Kaner)
Cerbera Odollam (Dabur, Dhakur, Pilikirbir)
Aconite (Mithazahar, Mitha Bish)
Nicotine (Tobacco)
58. Asphyxiants (Irrespirable Gases)
Carbon Monoxide
Carbon Dioxide
Hydrogen Sulphide
War Gases
Part 6: Forensic Pharmacology
Section 11
59. Analgesics and Antipyretics
Analgesics and Antipyretics
Aspirin
Paracetamol (Acetaminophen)
60. Antihistaminics
61. Tranquillisers
62. Antidepressants
63. Stimulants
Amphetamines
Cocaine
Chronic Cocaine Poisoning
Medicolegal Aspects
64. Hallucinogens
LSD, Peyote, Mescaline, Phencyclidine (PCP)
65. Street Drugs and Designer Drugs
Street Drugs
Designer Drugs
66. Alphabetical Poison Table
Part 7: Appendix
Section 12
67. Some Important Information
Heights and Weights
Formulae for Estimation of Stature
Multiplication Factors
Useful Measures
Certificates
Medicolegal Documents, Proformas, and Labels
Labels
Data of Organs
Proforma for Examination of a Case of Impotency
Common Court Questions
I. Deaths from Hanging or Strangulation
II. Death from Drowning
III. Death from Wounds or Blows
IV. Death from Firearm Injuries
V. Death from Burns
VI. Abortion Deaths
VII. Infanticide
VIII. Death due to Poisoning
Questions that may be put to a Chemical Examiner/FSL Scientist
Questions that may be put to a Non-professional Witness in a Case of Suspected Poisoning
The Consumer Protection Act (CPA)
The Criminal Law (Amendment) Bill, 2013
New Offences
Changes in Law
The Criminal Law (Amendment) Act, 2013
Index
Back Cover