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Table of contents :
Acknowledgements
A Brief Introduction to The Metaphysics and Theology of the Eucharist
Anacrusis: Should We Discuss Matters of Faith, and If So, How?
Setting Up the Problems
The Semantical Problems
Three Metaphysical Problems
Conclusion
Contents
Chapter 1: Christology and the Eucharist in Two Redactions of Pseudo-Dionysius
1.1 The Birth of a Late Antique Fiction
1.2 Emiliano Fiori’s Criticism of the Two-Redaction Theory
1.3 The (Incomplete) Structure of the Pseudo-Dionysian Theology and Its Interpretation by Sergius of Reshaina
1.4 Dating the Dionysian Corpus
1.5 How Can We Detect the Transformation of the Original Text Between the Putative Model of the Syriac Translation and the Greek Text We Have in the Manuscripts?
1.5.1 Case e: Corruptions in the Second Redaction of the Corpus, Introducing Incomprehensible Elements, Which Can Be Corrected Based on Sergius’ Translation
1.5.1.1 The Exclusion of the Unworthy Ranks from the Eucharistic Prayer
1.5.2 Case f. and g.: Doctrinally Motivated Intentional Changes in the Second Redaction, Combined to Errors Due to Ignorance about the Original Liturgical Context
1.5.2.1 The Putative Creed in the Ecclesiastic Hierarchy, the Dates of the First and Second Redactions of the Corpus, and the Elimination of a Strict Dyophysite Terminology
1.5.2.2 Sergius’ Translation Situating the Ecclesiastic Hierarchy in the Domain of the Evagrian Praktike
1.6 Final Conclusions
References
1. Ancient Sources
Critical Edition of the CD
English Translation with Notes, and Introductions
Sergius’ Translation of DN, MT and Ep.
Evagrius of Pontus, Kephalaia Gnostica
Theodore of Mopsuestia, Commentary on the Lord’s Prayer, on the Sacraments of Baptism and the Eucharist
Marinus, Life of Proclus or on Happiness
English Translation
The Constantinopolitan Colloquium of 532 and the Letter of Innocentius of Maroneia
Fifteen Canons Against the Origenists
Symeon the New Theologian, The Hymns of Divine Loves
Sergius of Reshaina, Introduction to the Syriac Translation of Pseudo-Dionysius
The Book of the Holy Hierotheus
Doctrina Patrum
The Anaphora Attributed to Gregory of Nazianzus
2. Secondary Literature
Chapter 2: Azymes and Epiclesis: Two Medieval Debates About the Eucharist
2.1 Introduction
2.2 The Problem of the Azymes
2.3 The Emergence of the Latin Tradition
2.4 A Special Problem: Transubstantiation
2.5 The Problem of the Epiclesis107
2.6 A Few Corollaries
Primary Sources
Secondary Sources
Chapter 3: “Whoever Eats My Flesh and Drinks My Blood Remains in Me, and I in Him” (John 6:56–57): Theoretical Developments in Understanding the Mystery of the Eucharist in Medieval Armenian Theology
3.1 The Eucharist-Sacrifice Approach
3.2 The ‘Christology-to-Eucharist’ Principle of Interpretation
3.3 Coexisting Divergences: Typological and Anti-Typological Hermeneutic Models for the Mystery of the Liturgy
3.4 The ‘Substance-Accident’ Approach: An Attempt to Conceptualize ‘Transubstantiation’
3.5 From Eucharistic Piety to Metaphysics: Later Developments in Mystical Poetry
3.6 Conclusions
Chapter 4: Verum sub metaphoris et fabulis or fabulosum et falsum? The Impossibility of Transubstantiation and the Philosophical Representation of Religion in the 1260s and 70s
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Faith, Horror, Ridicule, and the Zero-Day Vulnerability of Religious Claims
4.3 A Framework for the Demarcation of Science, Articles of Faith, and Fables
4.4 Resisting Ridicule
4.5 The Impossibility of Transubstantiation
Bibliography
Primary
Secondary
Chapter 5: Accidens Secundum Species: Bonaventure’s Solution to the Problem of the Accidens Sine Subiecto
Bibliography
Primary Sources
Secondary Sources
Chapter 6: Speaking in Christ’s Person: Thomas Aquinas on the Semantics and Pragmatics of the Words of Consecration
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Two Arguments
6.3 Significative Productivity
6.4 Instrumental Representation
6.5 Recitation
6.6 Conclusion
References
Primary Literature
Secondary Literature
Chapter 7: Do Accidents Contain Inhering in a Substance in Their Definition? Aquinas vs the Arts Masters and the Background in Avicenna
7.1 Avicennian Backgrounds and Aquinas’ Genus Argument for the Essence-Esse Real Distinction
7.2 Eucharistic Applications
7.3 Reactions to Aquinas on “Substance-Less” Accidents among His Contemporaries
7.4 Conclusion
Bibliography
Chapter 8: Aquinas’ Solution of the Problem of the Persistence of Accidents in the Eucharist and Its Impact on Later Developments in the European History of Ideas
8.1 Aquinas on “The Problem of Persistence”
8.2 Aquinas’s Solution
8.3 The Position of the Anonymous Physics-Commentary
8.4 Siger of Brabant’s Position
8.5 Conclusion
Chapter 9: The Body of Christ in Aquinas’s Quodlibetal Questions
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Christ’s Eucharistic Body
9.3 Christ’s Glorified Body
9.4 Christ’s Non-Human Body
9.5 Conclusion
Bibliography
Chapter 10: Real Presence, Ergo Transubstantiation: St. Thomas Aquinas on the Eucharistic Conversion
10.1 The Real Presence
10.2 The Bread and Wine Do Not Remain
10.3 Not Annihilation
10.4 Substantial Conversion
10.5 Accidents Remain
10.6 The Substantial Form of Bread Does Not Remain
10.7 Instantaneous
10.8 How To Speak of This Conversion
10.9 Conclusion
Chapter 11: Inherence and the Eucharist in Medieval Theology
11.1 Thomas Aquinas
11.2 Giles of Rome
11.3 Duns Scotus
Bibliography
Primary Sources
Secondary Sources
Chapter 12: Substantiation: Trans and Con
12.1 Background
12.2 Special Issues Raised by the Real Presence
12.3 Ockham
12.3.1 Wyclif
Bibliography
Chapter 13: John Buridan on the Eucharist. With a Translation of his Questions on Aristotle’s ‘Metaphysics’ 4.6
13.1 Buridan and the Arts
13.2 Substance and Signification
13.3 The Eucharist and the Categories
13.4 Buridan and Theology
Appendix: QM 4.6
Bibliography
Primary
Secondary
Chapter 14: Rejecting Transubstantiation in Late Medieval England and Bohemia
14.1 Wyclif on Subjects and Accidents
14.2 Wyclif and the Words of Institution
14.3 Wyclif on Real Presence
14.4 Wyclif’s English Opponents
14.5 English Wycliffites
14.6 Wyclif’s Legacy in Bohemia
14.7 Conclusion
References
Primary Sources
Secondary Sources
Chapter 15: A Lutheran Objection to Thomistic Transubstantiation
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Thomistic Transubstantiation
15.3 Objections to Thomistic Transubstantiation
15.4 Presence and Change of Place
15.5 Problems with (P2) and (P3)
15.6 The Lutheran Alternative
15.7 Concluding Ecumenical Postscript
References
Works Cited
Chapter 16: Transubstantiation and the Real Distinction Between Essence and Existence? The Concerns of Benet Perera SJ (1536–1610)
16.1 Introduction
16.2 The Thomists’ Opinion and Arguments
16.3 Perera’s Opinion and Arguments
16.4 Perera’s Answers to the Thomists’ Arguments
16.5 Perera vs Aquinas?
16.6 Conclusion
Bibliography
Primary
Secondary
Chapter 17: Descartes on the Eucharistic Presence
17.1 Real Accidents
17.2 Real Presence (The Mainstream View)
17.3 Real Presence (The Mesland-Letter)
17.4 Real Presence (The Clerselier-Letter)
17.5 The Problem of Contingency
17.6 Conclusion
Bibliography
Primary
Secondary
Chapter 18: Christ, the Subject of the Accidents in the Eucharist
18.1 The Right Use of Wittgenstein
18.2 Six Arguments
18.3 A Modern Metaphysical Version
18.4 Three Objections
Bibliography
Chapter 19: “Real Presence” Is Not Enough: Recovering the Lost Semantics of Transubstantiation
19.1 Prologue: Real Presence Is Not Enough
19.2 The Argument
19.3 The Distinction Between Substance and Accident
19.4 “The Vanishing of Substance”
19.5 Semantics and Catholic Theology
19.6 Misreading Aquinas
19.7 Conclusion: The Gift of the Eucharist
Bibliography
Chapter 20: The Eucharist and the Person of Christ
20.1 Introduction
20.2 The Goal of Communion
20.3 The Eucharist and Second-Person Relatedness
20.4 Conclusion
Bibliography