00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000Ara00مقایسه فطرت در عرفان اسلامی و ندای درون در معنویت جدید با تأکید بر نظرات عبدالله جوادی آملی و چارلز تیلورکلیدواژه فارسی: معنویت مدرن، فطرت، ندای درون
کلیدواژه انگلیسی: modern spirituality, fitrah, Inner voice Table of Contents Chapter One: Introduction 20 1-1. Research Plan 21 1-1-1. Problem Statement 21 1-1-2. Research Objective 25 1-1-3. Research Questions 25 1-1-4. Hypotheses of the Study 25 1-1-5. Necessary Research Assumptions 26 1-1-6. Literature Review 27 1-1-7. Importance of the Research 33 1-1-8. Benefit of the Research 34 1-1-9. Research Method 35 1-2. Conceptual Framework 35 1-2-1. Spirituality 35 1-2-2. Modernity 39 1-2-3. Mysticism/Gnosis (ʿIrfān): 40 1-2-4. Inner Findings 41 1-2-4-1. Fiṭrah 41 1-2-4-2. Inner Voice 41 1-2-5. Exotericism and Esotericism 42 1-2-7. Immanent 43 1-2-8. Transcendent 44 1-3. General Investigations 44 1-3-1. A Short Introduction to Ayatollah Javadi Amoli 44 1-3-2. A Short Introduction to Charles Taylor 47 1-3-3. The Relationship between Fiṭrah and Mysticism 49 1-3-4. Charles Taylor's Relationship with Modernity 50 1-3-5. The Discussion on Fiṭrah: A Within or Without Religious Perspective 51 1-3-6. The Convergence of the Fiṭrah with the Inner Call: Possible or Impossible? 53 Chapter Two: The Essence, Characteristics and Implications of the Fiṭrah According to Abdullah Javadi Amoli from a Mystical Perspective 56 2-1. The Ways of Knowing a Human Being 57 2-2. Foundations of Javadi Amoli's Human Studies 58 2-2-1. Human Beings: Two Dimensional Beings 59 2-2-1-1. Sadra's Material Coming-into Being and Transcendence in Subsistence 61 2-2-2. A Human Being's True Genus and Differentia 63 2-2-3. Fiṭrah 65 2-2-4. Human Divine Vicegerency 66 2-2-5. Human Dignity 69 2-2-6. Free Will 69 2-3. Discussion on the Fitrah 71 2-3-1. The Personal Unity of Existence and the Fiṭrah 72 2-3-2. The Characteristics of the Fiṭrah 74 2-3-3. Innate Matters 76 2-3-3-1. Innate Knowledge 77 2-3-3-2. Innate Inclinations 79 2-3-4. Accepting Innate and Human Inclinations 83 2-3-5. Can Innate Matters be Proven? 83 2-3-6. How Can We Distinguish between Innate and Non-Innate Matters? 84 2-3-7. Innateness of Religion 85 2-3-7-1. Natural Theology and the Innate Nature 85 2-3-8. Quranic Evidence of the Existence of the Innate Nature 87 2-3-9. The Fiṭrah of Love 92 2-3-10. Fiṭrah Arguments for the Existence of God and Resurrection 97 2-3-10-1. Argument for the Existence of God 98 2-3-10-2. Argument for Resurrection (Maʿād) 101 2-3-11. Innate Alignment: The Human Soul and Divine Moral Guidance 103 2-4. Implications of the Innate Disposition 107 2-4-1. Theoretical Implications 107 2-4-1-1. The Interconnectedness of Self-Knowledge and Knowledge of God 107 2-4-1-2. True Knowledge 110 2-4-2. Practical Implications 111 2-4-2-1. Establishment of Justice in Society 111 2-4-2-2. True Human Freedom 113 2-4-2-3. Relationship with Others and Nature 114 2-4-2-4. The Universal Language of the Quran and Unity 115 2-4-2-5. System of Rights 117 2-4-2-6. Equality in Terms of Essence 119 2-4-2-7. Fiṭrah and Civilization 120 2-5. Conclusion 123 Chapter Three: The Essence, Characteristics and Implications of the Inner Voice in New Spirituality according to Charles Taylor 130 3-1. Taylor's Anthropology 131 3-1-1. Foundations of Charles Taylor's Philosophical Anthropology 131 3-1-1-1. Human Beings as Moral Agents 131 3-1-1-2. Inwardness 134 3-1-1-3. Self-Interpretation and the Dialogical Self 138 3-1-1-4. The Need for Recognition 140 3-1-1-5. Authenticity 142 3-1-1-6. The Immanent Frame 144 3-2. A Discussion on the Inner Voice 147 3-2-1. Characteristics of the Inner Voice 149 3-2-1-1. A Moral Compass 149 3-2-1-2. The Dialogical Nature of the Inner Voice 151 3-2-1-3. Inwardness and Self-Reflection 155 3-2-1-4. Searching for Meaning and Fullness 156 3-2-2. Inner Findings 160 3-2-2-1. The Contact Theory of Epistemology 162 3-3. The Implications of the Inner Voice 164 3-3-1. Personal Implications 165 3-3-1-1. Expressivism 165 3-3-1-2. Individualism 167 3-3-1-3. The Importance of Feelings and Emotions 170 3-3-1-4. Personal Validation 172 3-3-2. Social Implications 175 3-3-2-1. Fragmentation of the Self 175 3-3-2-2. Dialogue with Tradition 178 3-4. Inner Voice and Inwardness: Impact on New Spirituality 179 3-5. Conclusion 184 Chapter Four: A Rereading of the Fiṭrah and the Inner Voice in the Immanent/Transcendent Frames 188 4-1. Central Question 189 4-2. Convergences: Points of Alignment 189 4-3. Divergences: Critical Contrasts 190 4-4. Strengths and Weaknesses of Javadi Amoli's Ideas of the Fiṭrah 190 4-4-1. Strengths of Javadi Amoli's Concept of the Fiṭrah 190 4-4-2. Weaknesses of Javadi Amoli's Concept of the Fiṭrah 191 4-5. Strengths and Weaknesses of Taylor's Views on the Inner Voice 192 4-5-1. Strengths of Taylors Concept of the Inner Voice 192 4-5-2. Weaknesses of Taylor's Concept of the Inner Voice 193 4-6. Toward a Unified Understanding of Spirituality 194 4-6-1. Reconciling Universality and Individuality 194 4-6-1-1. The Fiṭrah's Universal Foundation 195 4-6-1-2. Individuality in the Inner Voice 195 4-6-1-3. A Synthesis of Universality and Individuality 195 4-6-2. Integrating Ethical Approaches 196 4-6-2-1. The Fiṭrah's Ethical Absolutes 196 4-6-2-2. The Inner Voice's Ethical Authenticity 196 4-7. From the Immanent to the Transcendent 197 4-7-1. Starting from the Immanent Frame: The Embodied Seed of Fiṭrah 197 4-7-2. Moving Toward the Transcendental: The Evolution into Spiritual Fullness 197 4-7-3. Capacities for Rereading Fiṭrah in Light of the Inner Voice 198 4-7-3-1. Crafting a Bridge between the Immanent and Transcendent 199 4-8. Rereading the Inner Voice into an Islamic Framework 203 4-8-1. Connecting the Inner Voice to the Fiṭrah 203 4-8-2. Incorporating Mystical Practices 204 4-8-3. Emphasizing Collective Responsibility 204 4-8-4. Grounding Ethical Decision-Making in Divine Guidance 204 4-8-5. Fostering Interfaith Dialogue 205 4-8-6. Transforming Potential into Actualized Knowledge 205 4-8-7. Addressing Contemporary Ethical Challenges 205 4-8. Conclusion 206 Further Research Suggestions 208 References 210 عبدالله جوادی آملی عبدالله جوادی آملی رضا الهی منش چارلز تیلور راشد, اسماء سلطان علی حسن علی Author الهی منش, رضا (استادیار گروه تصوف و عرفان اسلامی دانشکده عرفان دانشگاه ادیان و مذاهب) Conductor سهرابی‌فر, وحید (پژوهشگر دین و فلسفه؛ استادیار گروه فلسفه معاصر، دانشگاه ادیان و مذاهب، قم، ایران.) Conductor تیلور, چارلز (Charles Taylor؛ استاد فلسفه دانشگاه مک‌گیل کانادا؛ فیلسوف سیاسی؛ فیلسوف کاتولیک مسیحی؛ پژوهشگر تاریخ فلسفه و فلسفه علوم اجتماعی؛ از جمله شارحین هگل و منتقد مدرنیته؛ صاحب کتب «اقسام ادیان امروز: دیدار مجدد با ویلیام جیمز»، «زندگی فضیلت‌مند در عصر سکولار» و «هگل و جامعهٔ مدرن»), 1931م. مونترآل، کبک، کانادا-# 1931م. مونترآل، کبک، کانادا-# Descriptor جوادی آملی, عبدالله (مرجع معاصر تقلید مقیم قم، فیلسوف، عارف و مفسر قرآن), 1312ش./1350ق. آمل، مازندران# 1312ش./1350ق. آمل، مازندران# Descriptor Thesis local