درک تکامل در "منشاء" داروین: زمینه در حال ظهور تفکر تکاملی [کتاب انگلیسی] Understanding Evolution in Darwin's "Origin": The Emerging Context of Evolutionary Thinking چرلز رابرت داروین English Springer 2023 Table of contents :,Foreword: From Biology to Darwin,Acknowledgments,Contents,Chapter 1: Introduction: Why Read the ``Origin of Species´´?,1.1 Darwin´s Own Theory,1.2 Primary Sources of the History of Science in Science Education,1.3 Significance of the First Edition,1.4 The Two Core Ideas of Evolution,1.5 The Written Style and Argumentation,1.6 How Science Works,1.7 Darwin´s Epistemic Assumptions and Methods,1.8 Structure of the Volume,References,Part I: Transformation of Species, from the Beginning,Chapter 2: Debates About Life´s Origin and Adaptive Powers in the Early Nineteenth Century,2.1 Introduction,2.2 Systems of Nature and Theories of Life,2.3 The Abbot and the Jesuit,2.4 Organic Molecules, Matter, and the Origin of Species,2.5 Theories of the Earth and the Limits of Species Change,2.6 Encyclopedias and Dictionaries,2.7 To Darwin´s Doorsteps,2.8 Conclusion,References,Chapter 3: The Darwinian Not Too Strictly Balanced Arrangement Between Cuvier and Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire,3.1 Introduction,3.2 Cuvier and the Principle of the Conditions of Existence,3.3 Geoffroy and the Unity of Type,3.4 Conditions of Existence vs. Unity of Type,3.5 An Evolutionist Arrangement Between Cuvier and Geoffroy,3.6 Darwin´s Tactful Materialism,References,Chapter 4: An Amazing Journey: Darwin and the Fuegians,4.1 Introduction,4.2 The Adventure and Beagle Expeditions,4.3 Four Fuegians on Their Way to London,4.4 Observations About the Fuegians,4.5 Scientific Description of the Fuegians,4.6 In England,4.7 Coming Home,4.8 Last Encounter with Jemmy,4.9 After the Beagle,4.10 Woollya Massacre,4.11 History Review,4.12 Jemmy, a Man from Nowhere,4.13 The Journey in History,References,Part II: Constructing a Theory,Chapter 5: Darwin´s First Writings: From the Beagle Voyage to His Transmutation Notebooks (1837-1839) and Essay (1844),References,Chapter 6: The Development of Darwin´s Theory: From Natural Theology to Natural Selection,6.1 Introduction,6.2 A Note on Conceptual Change,6.3 Beginnings,6.4 Becoming an Evolutionist,6.5 Conclusion,References,Chapter 7: ``Great as Immensity, Deep as Eternity´´: What Could the Grandeur of Life Say About God´s Existence, According to D...,7.1 What Does the Diversity of Life Tell Us About God?,7.2 Mr. Vestiges´ Account of Creation,7.3 Darwin´s Religious Views: His Autobiography,7.4 A Direct Discussion with a Proponent of Design: Asa Gray,7.5 What Darwin Said to Others: The Importance of His Letters on the Subject,7.6 Conclusions,References,Chapter 8: Mr. Darwin´s Beloved Barnacles: Using Cirripedes to Understand Evolution in ``Origin of Species´´,8.1 Introduction,8.2 Mr. Arthrobalanus,8.3 The Cirripede Monographs, 1851 and 1854,8.3.1 The Evolution of Sex,8.4 Understanding Origin of Species Through the Cirripedes,8.4.1 The ``Meaning´´ of Intercrossing,8.4.2 Laws of Variation,References,Chapter 9: Wallace, Darwin, and the Relationship Between Species and Varieties (1858),9.1 Introduction,9.2 Darwin´s Views,9.3 Wallace´s Views,9.4 Wallace´s and Darwin´s Agreements and Disagreements,9.5 Final Remarks,References,Chapter 10: There Have Been Few Such Naturalists Before, but Still: Darwin´s Public Account of Predecessors,10.1 Introduction,10.2 A Model of Active Reading,10.2.1 Part 1: Codification and Categorization,10.2.2 Part 2: Flowchart,10.3 Discussion,10.3.1 Dichotomous Reasoning,10.3.2 Historical Backgrounds and Sources,10.4 Final Comments,References,Chapter 11: You Too Can Find ``Grandeur in This View of Life´´: A Linguistic Remedy for Resisting the Desire to Abandon Darwin...,11.1 The Origin: Something More than a Treatise on Evolutionary Biology,11.2 A Map of Darwin´s Awe for Nature,11.3 In Search of Nature´s Grandeur Using the Map of Darwin´s Awe,11.3.1 On the Origin of Darwin´s Two Languages: Scientific-Technical and Aesthetic-Emotional,11.3.2 The Passing of Time, or the Sublime in Darwin: The Hidden Beauty of Rocks,11.3.3 Knowledge, or the Key to Finding Nature´s Grandeur: Darwin´s Entangled Banks,11.4 There´s More Awe Still to Find in the Origin: Further Perspectives of Research,References,Part III: Spreading the New Theory to the World,Chapter 12: Origin´s Chapter I: How Breeders Work Their Magic,12.1 Introduction,12.2 Inheritable Variation Among Domesticated Animals and Plants,12.2.1 Domesticated Animals and Plants Are Amazingly Variable Due to the Effects of Several Causes,12.2.1.1 Causes of Variability (Darwin, 1859, pp. 7-11),12.2.1.2 Effects of Habit (Darwin, 1859, pp. 11),12.2.1.3 Correlation of Growth (Darwin, 1859, pp. 11-12),12.2.2 Some Associated Topics: Inheritance; Domesticated Varieties as Reverting Back to the Forms of Their Wild Progenitors; t...,12.2.2.1 Inheritance (Darwin, 1859, pp. 12-14),12.2.2.2 Character of Domestic Varieties [with a Preview of Natural Selection] (Darwin, 1859, pp. 14-15),12.2.2.3 Difficulty of Distinguishing Between Varieties and Species (Darwin, 1859, pp. 15-16),12.2.3 Wild Progenitor Species and Their Domesticated Descendants,12.2.3.1 Origin of Domestic Varieties from One or More Species (Darwin, 1859, pp. 16-20),12.2.3.2 Domestic Pigeons, Their Differences and Origin [with a Preview of the Tree of Life] (Darwin, 1859, pp. 20-29),12.3 Selection by Human Breeders,12.3.1 Principle of Selection Anciently Followed and its Effects (Darwin, 1859, pp. 29-33),12.3.2 Methodical and Unconscious Selection (pp. 33-7),12.3.3 Unknown Origin of Our Domestic Productions (pp. 37-40),12.3.4 Circumstances Favorable to Man´s Power of Selection (pp. 40-43),12.4 Conclusion,References,Chapter 13: Origin´s Chapter II: Darwin´s Ideas on Variation Under the Lens of Current Evolutionary Genetics,13.1 A Quick, Contemporaneous View,13.2 Variability: Variation, Selection, and Evolution,13.3 Individual Differences: The Link Between Artificial and Natural Selection,13.4 Doubtful Species: Defining Species from Varieties; Polymorphisms Then and Now,13.5 Inheritance (Pangenesis Views),13.6 Variation and Sexual Selection,13.7 Regression Towards the Mean and Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics,13.8 ``Wide Ranging, Much Diffused, and Common Species Vary Most´´,13.9 ``Species of the Larger Genera in Any Country Vary More Than Species of the Smaller Genera´´,References,Chapter 14: Origin´s Chapter III: The Two Faces of Natural Selection,References,Chapter 15: Origin´s Chapter IV: The Newton of the Blade of Grass,15.1 Introduction,15.2 Natural Selection,15.3 Sexual Selection,15.4 Selection at Work,15.5 Division of Labor,15.6 The Tree of Life,15.7 Conclusion,References,Chapter 16: Origin´s Chapter V: How ``Random´´ Is Evolutionary Change?,16.1 Introduction,16.2 Effects of External Conditions,16.3 Effects of Use and Disuse,16.4 Acclimatization,16.5 Correlation of Growth,16.6 Compensation and Economy of Growth,16.7 Other Patterns of Variation,16.8 Summary,References,Chapter 17: Origin´s Chapter VI: The Initial Difficulties of Darwin´s Theory,17.1 Introduction,17.2 The Main Difficulties,17.3 Absence or Rarity of Transitional Forms,17.4 On the Origin and Transitions of Organic Beings with Peculiar Habits and Structure,17.5 Organs of Extreme Perfection and Complication,17.6 Organs of Little Apparent Importance,17.7 Final Comments,References,Chapter 18: Origin´s Chapter VII. Darwin and the Instinct: Why Study Collective Behaviors Performed Without Knowledge of Their...,18.1 Introduction,18.2 ``Natural´´ Behaviors and ``Natural´´ Government,18.3 The Intelligent Agent and Natural Theology,18.4 The Creator´s Benevolence in His Works,18.5 Vigilant Natural Government or a Great General Law?,18.6 The Great General Law, the Nobility of the Divinity, and the Classroom,References,Chapter 19: Origin´s Chapter VIII: Darwin for and Against Hybridism,19.1 The Place of Chapter VIII within the Context of the Origin,19.2 The Place of Chapter VIII in the Context of Hybridism,19.3 Darwin´s Argumentation in Chapter VIII, ``on Hybridism´´,References,Chapter 20: Origin´s Chapter IX and X: From Old Objections to Novel Explanations: Darwin on the Fossil Record,20.1 Introduction,20.2 Darwin´s Geological Sources and Context,20.3 Taming the Fossil-Record Objection,20.4 Geology in Evolution´s Service,20.5 Geology and the Argument of the Origin,References,Chapter 21: Origin´s Chapter XI and XII: ``Seed! Seed! Seed!´´: Geographical Distribution in on the Origin of Species,21.1 Introduction,21.2 Migration, Modification, and Multiplication,21.3 Seed Time,21.4 The Context: Darwin, Gray, Agassiz, and Seed Dispersal,21.5 Conclusion: Back to the Seed,References,Chapter 22: Origin´s Chapter XIII. The Meaning of Classification, Morphology, Embryology, and Rudimentary Organs to the Theory...,References,Chapter 23: Origins´ Chapter XIV: The Good Old Habit of Summarizing,23.1 Introduction,23.2 On the Writing of Chapter XIV: Darwin´s Expectation Regarding the Reception of the Book,23.3 On the Reading of Chapter XIV: Analyzing Its Structure,23.3.1 The Main Difficulties of the Theory,23.3.1.1 Complex Organs and Instincts,23.3.1.2 Fertility and Sterility Among Species and Varieties,23.3.1.3 Geographical Distribution and Intermediate Forms,23.3.2 The Advantages of the Theory,23.3.3 Causes of the General Belief in the Immutability of Species,23.3.4 The Conclusion of the ``Recapitulation and Conclusion´´,23.4 On the Teaching with Origin´s Chapter XIV: Aspects of Nature of Science (NOS),23.5 Final Thoughts: One Long Argument?,References,Part IV: Epilogue: What Came Next Was Extraordinary,Chapter 24: Continuities and Ruptures: Comparing Darwin´s ``On the Origin of Species´´ and the Modern Synthesis,24.1 Introduction,24.2 Some of Darwin´s Influences,24.3 Darwin´s Proposal,24.4 The Modern Synthesis,24.5 Ruptures and Continuities,24.6 Conclusion,References,Chapter 25: From the Modern Synthesis to the Other (Extended, Super, Postmodern) Syntheses,25.1 Introduction,25.2 The MS as the Second Synthesis,25.3 Key Aspects of the MS,25.4 Key Aspects of the MS,25.5 Four Challenges to the MS,25.5.1 Neutralism,25.5.2 Punctuated Equilibria,25.5.3 Evo-Devo,25.5.4 Evo-Eco,25.6 Conceptual Challenges to the MS,25.7 ``Extended,´´ ``Postmodern´´ or ``Super´´ Syntheses: Does the MS Need ``Softening´´?,25.8 Conclusion,References,Author Index,Subject Index text Brzezinski, Maria Elice داروین, چارلز رابرت (Charles Robert Darwin،زیست‌شناس انگلیسی، مبدع نظریه تکامل انواع) , 1809#1882 book 9783031401657